Joseph is a physician. His state's licensing agency has received a large number of complaints about him, and recently two of his patients have mysteriously died while under his care

The licensing agency revokes his license to practice medicine in a summary proceeding without a hearing.
a. Summary protective actions are always per se violative of equal protection.
b. Summary protective actions are always per se violative of due process.
c. Summary protective actions are not per se violative of equal protection if an immediate post-action hearing is conducted.
d. Summary protective actions are not per se violative of due process if an immediate post-action hearing is conducted.

d