The present value of benefits (PVB) is found as

a. the discounted value of benefits for a single period without adjusting for inflation
b. ?(bt/[1+rs]t), with bt= Bt/(1 + p)t
c. ?(bt/[1–rs]t), with bt= Bt/(1 + p)t
d. ?(bt/[1+rs]t), with bt= Bt/(1 –p)t

b. ?(bt/[1+rs]t), with bt= Bt/(1 + p)t

Economics

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The 2011 U.S. distribution of income shows that the top 20 percent of all families have

a. more than twelve times the income of the bottom 20 percent. b. more than six times the income of the bottom 20 percent. c. more than 100 percent more income than the bottom 20 percent. d. the same share of income as the bottom 20 percent.

Economics

The 2011 U.S. distribution of income shows that the top 5 percent of families have approximately what share of income?

a. 4 percent b. 9 percent c. 21 percent d. 49 percent

Economics