A stock investor may expect returns in the form of:

If the Fed were to lower the required reserve ratio,

A) excess reserves would decrease. B) excess reserves would increase. C) there would be no effect on the level of excess reserves. D) there would tend to be no effect on the nation's money supply.

Which of the following is a fixed cost of driving a car?

a. gasoline b. maintenance c. tires d. license plates e. motor oil