In Pavlov's experiments on second-order conditioning, dogs were conditioned to salivate at the sight of a black square:
A) by pairing it with food.
B) by rewarding the dog with food when it salivated in the presence of the black square.
C) by presenting food first and then following it with the black square.
D) even though the black square was never directly associated with food.
D) even though the black square was never directly associated with food.
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In 2010, an advertising agency stopped paying bonuses to executives who attracted new clients. In 2011, the agency signed no new clients. This example illustrates:
a) habituation b) stimulus discrimination c) extinction d) adaptation
What is sound recommendation for managing stress among hospital patients?
a. Reduce stress, and therefore cortisol release, as much as possible b. Introduce a mild amount of stress so that the HPA-axis can prime the immune system c. Offer oxytocin inhalers to induce relaxation in patients d. Allow people to attain their preferred level of stress (equal to what they would experience outside of the hospital)