A situation in where the costs of an action are NOT fully borne by the two parties engaged in exchange is

U.S. firms can produce and sell electric fans for $25. The United States can also import electric fans from China at $40 each and from Canada at $45 each. Electric fans made in the United States, China, and Canada are identical. Currently, the United States imposes a 30% tariff on imported electric fans. For the United States, are there trade diversion losses, trade creation gains, or both as a result of the formation of NAFTA?

a. There are only trade diversions losses b. There are only trade creation gains. c. There are neither trade creation gains nor trade diversion losses. d. There are both trade creation gains and trade diversion losses.

An increase in the demand for orthodontic services leads to

A) an increase in the supply of orthodontists. B) a rise in the rates of dental insurance. C) lower prices for orthodontic care. D) an increase in the demand for orthodontists.