Using the information that you know about social referencing, why is it important for parents to
remain calm when their infant is having a temper tantrum?
What will be an ideal response?
When parents model certain behavior, the child may begin to form a "blueprint" as a way to
react when angry. At around 10 months, infants begin to use social referencing or watching the facial
clues of those closest to them to figure out what to do. If a child is having a temper tantrum and the
parent gets angry, yelling or spanking the child, the child's fear or anger may escalate rather than
decrease, as they are observing their parent losing control. This could in fact lengthen the temper
tantrum as they then begin to model their parent's facial expressions and actions.
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Erika is playing with a puzzle, and she is having difficulty figuring out where the last few pieces should go. She struggles more and more, and eventually starts getting very angry
When her sister Donna tries to help her, Erika asks her to stop helping. When Donna tries to help again, Erika pushes Donna hard and she falls to the ground and hurts her arm. Which type of aggression has Erika demonstrated? a) hostile aggression b) instrumental aggression c) social aggression d) passive aggression
According to the text, what two disciplines does the field of cultural psychology combine?
a. Psychology and anthropology b. Culture and history c. Philosophy and biology d. Genetics and development