One group is measured before and after a treatment in a typical pre-post study

Many researchers argue that face perception is "special"; we process faces in a different way than we process other visual stimuli. According to this perspective,

a. we process the color of human faces before we process their shape. b. unlike other objects, information about faces does not pass through the primary visual cortex. c. we recognize faces in terms of their entire shape, rather than in terms of their isolated features. d. because faces are so complex, we take a long time to recognize that an object is a face; in contrast, we recognize simpler objects much more quickly.

Before assuming that the people who shocked to 450 volts did so because they were evil, we are making _______________

a. an external attribution b. a situational attribution c. the fundamental attribution error d. an internal attribution