The ________ interest rate approximately equals the ________ interest rate minus ________

Which of the following is not an example of an efficiency-equity trade-off faced by economic agents?

A) Some U.S. colleges cut back on merit scholarships since these programs siphon money from need-based programs, thus harming lower-income students with greater financial need. B) According to an article by in the American Journal of Public Health by Edward Kaplan and Michael Merson of Yale University School of Medicine, the federal government's current method of allocating HIV-prevention resources is not cost-effective. Instead of allocating resources to states in proportion to reported AIDS cases, resources should flow first to those activities that prevent more infections per dollar and then to less and less effective combinations of programs and populations until funds are exhausted, even if it means that some populations would be left without any prevention services. C) Concerned about the falling birth rate, the French government has pledged more money for families with three children, in an effort to encourage working women to have more babies. D) The growing demand for corn by ethanol producers has led to a surge in the price of tortillas, a staple in the Mexican diet. To quell public outcry over rising tortilla prices, the Mexican government released government corn stocks at prices well below the market, and pressured states to impose price ceilings on tortillas.

Assume there is a simultaneous decrease in the cost of batteries used in hybrid cars and a shift in consumer preferences toward more fuel-efficient vehicles

Based on this, we can conclude, with certainty, that in the market for hybrid cars, equilibrium: A) price will decrease. B) price will increase. C) quantity will decrease. D) quantity will increase.