Which of the following terms describes the substance of a cause in an explanation of an international outcome?

How can the president bypass the Senate’s power over treaties?

a. The president can negotiate executive agreements instead of treaties. b. The president can appeal to the Supreme Court to uphold a treaty without the consent of the Senate. c. The president can obtain a writ of consensus from the Senate before negotiating the treaty. d. The president can personally sign the treaty, in which case Senate approval is not necessary. e. The Secretary of State can negotiate the treaty that would not then be subject to Senate approval.

How is Ross’s dependent variable measured?

A. using Freedom House B. using Polity IV C. using PACL