The sleeper effect refers to the finding that, over time, ____
a. people tend to become more and more stubborn about their opinions (and less easily persuaded to adopt alternative points of view)
b. people tend to become more open to, or accepting of, persuasive arguments that they hear repeatedly
c. people tend to become inoculated against (better able to counter-argue) persuasive arguments that they hear repeatedly
d. people tend to forget where (or from whom) they heard a persuasive argument or piece of information
D
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Which is NOT a major shortcoming of self-reports?
a. Standardizing the self-report measure results in difficulty in comparing the responses of two different individuals who have completed the self-report. b. Respondents may give socially desirable answers so the researchers think more positively of them. c. These types of reports are difficult to use with very young children. d. Language abilities between people of different ages can make interpretation of results difficult.
Down syndrome can be detected by:
A. the first trimester of pregnancy B. only at birth C. ages 1-2 D. adolescence