Which of the following provides the best evidence that reinforcers do not simply strengthen behavior?
a. guinea pigs learned to turn their heads in a different direction when the behavior-reinforcercontingency was changed
b. cats made fewer errors after repeated escapes from a problem box
c. rats trained with bran mash made more errors in a maze when their reinforcer was switched to sunflower seeds
d. pigeons will peck at a key even when doing so results in a loss of food
Ans: c. rats trained with bran mash made more errors in a maze when their reinforcer was switched to sunflower seeds
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The peak year for substantiated cases of child maltreatment in the United States was
1991. 1993. 2000. 2005.
Which of the following is the best example of the frustration-aggression hypothesis?
A) an honor killing B) a boxing match C) a gang initiation beating D) road rage