The parasympathetic nervous system

Which of the following would be found in a stable patient with long-standing obstructive lung disease?

a. Low bicarbonate level and low carbon dioxide level b. Low bicarbonate level and high carbon dioxide level c. High bicarbonate level and low carbon dioxide level d. High bicarbonate level and high carbon dioxide level

Bronchoconstriction initially impairs expiration more than inspiration, resulting in air trapping in the:

A) alveoli. B) lungs. C) bronchi. D) sternum.