Refer to the diagram. In the P 3 P 4 price range, demand is:

Keynesians believe in

a. active management of structural deficits an minimal cyclical deficits. b. running structural budget deficits to stimulate output c. running large surpluses during expansions. d. active management of cyclical deficits and minimal structural deficits. e. both c and d.

For a monopoly,

a. price and output are closely-linked choices b. marginal revenue always exceeds marginal cost c. price always exceeds average total cost in the short run d. price is set independently from the output decision e. price is always the highest that the market will bear