Which of the following pulmonary function improvements have been associated with lung vol-ume-reduction surgery (LVRS) in patients with emphysema?
1. Improved exercise endurance
2. Improved FEV1
3. Improved quality-of-life
4. Improved survival
a. 1, 3, and 4 only
b. 2 and 4 only
c. 3 only
d. 2, 3, and 4 only
ANS: A
LVRS can prolong survival, improve quality-of-life, and increase exercise capacity.
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