Laura's heart rate had been conditioned to increase whenever she smelled Old Spice After Shave. However, her heart would also race to the aroma of Brut and English Leather. This reaction is known as:

When children of comparable socioeconomic status are compared, group ethnic differences in IQ test scores are reduced. Which of the following does not explains this result?

a. Some ethnic groups have more "smart genes" than others. b. IQ test items reflect the cultural heritage of the test creator, most of whom are economically advantaged. c. When people know that they belong to a group that is said to lack skill in a domain, this makes them anxious when performing in that domain for fear of confirming the stereotype, and they often do poorly as a result. d. When people are wary of questions posed by unfamiliar adults, many economically disadvantaged children often answer test questions by saying, "I don't know."

Nearly ____ adolescents are enrolled in secondary school in developed countries. In contrast, only about ____ of adolescents in economically developing countries attend secondary school

a. 40%; 20% b. 60%; 30% c. 80%; 40% d. all; 50%