Which of the following is NOT a primary reinforcer?

Since errors of measurement can easily raise or lower scores on a test, it is important to

A) tell the examinees to use their own judgment concerning the test directions. B) use common sense in deciding what portion of the test directions to read. C) be flexible in presenting the directions to a test. D) follow the test directions exactly without deviation.

Defend the proposition that "Nature's impulse is to create a female."

What will be an ideal response?