__________ occurs when multiple decision makers must decide among multiple options and cannot agree on a single course of action

New York Times v. Sullivan held that there must be proof of which of the following in order to find libel against a public figure?

a. property loss b. actual malice c. witnesses d. a written record

The use of systematic observations free of prior hypotheses and collection of facts, followed by the an integration of the ideas refers to

a. grounded theory. b. retrospective research. c. cohort effects. d. randomized clinical trials.