Gibbs Corporation owned 20,000 shares of Oliver Corporation's $5 par value common stock. These shares were purchased in 2009 for $180,000. On September 15, 2013, Gibbs declared a property dividend of one share of Oliver for every ten shares of Gibbs held by a stockholder. On that date, when the market price of Oliver was $21 per share, there were 180,000 shares of Gibbs outstanding. What NET reduction in retained earnings would result from this property dividend?

a. 162,000
b. 378,000
c. 108,000
d. 216,000

Answer: a. 162,000