What is the tendency to exert less effort when working on a group task if individuals' contributions will not be evaluated?

Longitudinal research on attachment indicates a likelihood that attachment style

A. is a stable personality trait and will not change. B. may be altered by negative factors such as parental death or unstable caregiving. C. in early childhood is not at all related to romantic relations in adulthood. D. in early childhood predicts romantic relations in adulthood with 100% accuracy.

Emil is attempting to decrease the frequency of his swearing. He wears a rubber band around his wrist and every time he says a word that is on his list of inappropriate words he snaps the rubber band

Associating an undesirable behavior with an unpleasant consequence is a form of __________ a) aversion therapy. b) cognitive therapy. c) exposure and response prevention. d) flooding.