Why are the use of antacids or histamine H2 receptor antagonists risk factors for the development of VAP?
A. These medications cause biofilm to accumulate within the endotracheal tube.
B. These drugs cause resident bacteria to overcolonize in the small intestine and invade the stomach.
C. These drugs cause the overgrowth of gram-positive bacteria in the oropharynx.
D. These medications increase gastric pH and can cause bacterial gastric colonization.
?ANS: D
A. Incorrect response: See explanation D.
B. Incorrect response: See explanation D.
C. Incorrect response: See explanation D.
D. Correct response: The stomach is normally sterile because of the low pH. However, colonization within the stomach can occur in critically ill patients because of an increase in the pH of the gastric contents caused by the use of H2 blockers, antacids, and enteral feeding. Any of these factors can increase gastric pH and lead to gastric colonization. Once colonized, the stomach acts as a reservoir from which pathogenic bacteria can colonize the oropharynx and trachea, or get aspirated directly into the lungs.?
You might also like to view...
An intoxicated patient will not leave the oxygen mask on. You are aware that the acronym FACTUAL-OEC outlines the characteristics of good report writing. Based on these guidelines how would this best be documented on the prehospital care report (PCR)?
a. The patient is intoxicated and will not cooperate with oxygen therapy. b. The patient continually removes the oxygen mask despite continued reapplication. c. The patient will not cooperate with care provided by the ski patrol. d. The patient appears to be in a drunk-like state and will not cooperate with care provided by the ski patrol.
When getting a refusal from a patient who does not want treatment, it is critical that you do which of the following things?
a. Ensure that the patient understands the risks of refusing care. b. Make sure the patient has someone who can provide transportation to the hospital. c. Have the patient sign and date the refusal form. d. Have the patient promise to get care if the symptoms get worse.