When the Hometown football team is winning by a lot of points after halftime, they often play their second and third team players. One of the coaches notices that when the third team plays that Oklahoma wins by a bigger margin than when just the first team plays. He recommends that the third team see more playing time as a result. What is wrong with his way of thinking?

a. association is not causation
b. it is a violation of ceteris paribus
c. the fallacy of composition
d. good intentions do not guarantee desirable outcomes

A