While scanning the shelves in a library, you notice a book written in the 1920s. If you opened it up to look for the chapter on motivation, you would be most likely to find that psychologists
a. had not yet discovered the concept of motivation.
b. believed that most animal behavior is instinctually motivated, but that human behavior is not.
c. had compiled a list of 10,000 human instincts.
d. were focusing on the role of expectations in motivating behavior.
Answer: c. had compiled a list of 10,000 human instincts.
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4. In a classic experiment on cognitive dissonance, students did some boring, repetitive tasks and then had to tell another student, who was waiting to participate in the study, that the work was interesting and fun (Festinger & Carlsmith, 1959)
Half the students were offered $20 for telling this lie and the others only $1. Based on what you have learned about cognitive dissonance reduction, which students do you think decided later that the tasks had been fun after all? Why? What will be an ideal response?
Identifying with one's opposite-sex parent occurs in which psychosexual stage?
a. oral b. anal c. phallic d. genital