The total quality management philosophy was developed by a number of American consultants. Which of the following individuals is one of them?

The R in the Fisher effect formula represents the:

A. current yield. B. real return. C. couponrate. D. inflation rate. E. nominal return.

To target promotions effectively, NMCs need to have

A) sufficient financial incentives from the marketer. B) an interest in the message they deliver to an audience. C) a source of advertising revenue. D) a stakeholder relationship with the marketer. E) audiences that do not use mass media at all.