The level of party competition in a state may be measured by all of the following variables EXCEPT ________

Which of the following are most commonly heard by the U.S. Supreme Court?

a. federal habeas corpus cases b. original jurisdiction cases c. civil actions from lower federal courts d. criminal cases from state and federal courts

Which of the following can be said to be true of constructivist thought?

a. Like liberal and realistic theory, it always puts state actors at the center of international politics. b. Leading scholars associated with this approach see economic and class concerns as dominating and shaping global affairs. c. Security is viewed primarily in the classical sense of violence or war among states. d. Constructivists are more likely to emphasize the importance of ideas and culture in shaping international politics.