Which measure of variability is the most direct way to measure how dispersed a set of scores

The constitutional doctrine of ________ holds that when Congress acts affirmatively in the exercise of its own granted power, federal laws supersede all state laws on the matter

A) ?preemption B) ?stare decisis C) ?habeas corpus D) ?overriding precedents E) full faith and credit

The Monroe Doctrine stated that

A. the United States would not accept any new European intervention in the western hemisphere and the United States would not meddle in European affairs. B. the United States had the authority to intervene in the affairs of European nations if American interests were at stake. C. the United States would take action against the Barbary pirates in order to protect American lives and commerce. D. the United States would not wait to be attacked, but rather would take pre-emptive action against clear and present dangers. E. the United States would only conduct business with other nations by employing treaties.