What is the initial event in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary artery hypertension (IPAH)?

a. Insult to the pulmonary endothelium
b. Elevated level of serotonin
c. Monoclonal proliferation of endothelial cells
d. Vascular remodeling

ANS: A
The initial event of IPAH is probably an insult to the pulmonary endothelium (the cells that line the blood vessel).

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Which of the following instructions for approaching a running rescue helicopter is not correct?

a. Remain in an upright position and move slowly. b. Remain low. c. Remove any loose clothing. d. Remain in sight of the pilot at all times.

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When the rib cage becomes smaller during respiration, air will flow (into/out of) ____________________ the lungs

Fill in the blank(s) with correct word

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