In a shuttle box, a dog first learns, through classical conditioning to fear the buzzer because the buzzer is associated with shock. Each time the buzzer sounds, the dog becomes fearful of the upcoming shock. By jumping to the "safe" compartment, the dog can end the unpleasant fear it feels. This "jumping" to reduce the fear and shock occurs due to

In most industrialized nations, the secular gain in

A) boys' height and weight outpaces girls'. B) height is continuing. C) weight has slowed. D) weight is continuing.

Siegler's (1988) study of individual differences in children's performance on single-digit arithmetic problems revealed that students could be categorized into three groups: good students, not-so-good students, and perfectionists

Results indicated that perfectionists used the retrieval strategy ___. a. more often than students in either of the other two groups b. more often than not-so-good students, but less often than good students c. about as often as students in the other two groups d. less often than students in either of the other two groups