You often create subtotals with the ____ function.

Which choice is not a description of a control?

A. Detective controls uncover attacks and prompt the action of preventative or corrective controls. B. Corrective controls always reduce the likelihood of a premeditated attack. C. Controls reduce the effect of an attack. D. Controls perform as the countermeasures for threats.

When passing a stream to a function, it must always be pass-by-__________.

Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).