When the aggregate demand curve shifts to the left, real GDP falls unless the aggregate supply curve is

The table above shows the payoff matrix for a prisoners' dilemma game. The Nash equilibrium is that

A) both prisoners do not confess. B) both prisoners confess. C) prisoner A confesses while prisoner B does not confess. D) prisoner A does not confess while prisoner B confesses.

Within the Keynesian model, the multiplier effect tends to

a. smooth out the up- and down- swings of the business cycle. b. promote price stability. c. magnify small changes in spending into much larger changes in output and employment. d. reduce the impact of an increase in investment on output and employment.