Explain at least three ways that self-interest can motivate a selfless act.
What will be an ideal response?
The examples can vary, but all should be thoroughly thought out. First, a person could act kindly to someone with the hope that he or she will be shown kindness in return. Also, a person could act selflessly to develop a reputation for honesty, which could help in both personal and business relations. In addition, a person could act selflessly because his or her religious belief or ethical code expects it. In such a case, the act gives the person the satisfaction of doing his or her duty.
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A person can cause a negative externality by
a. becoming immunized b. talking loudly in a restaurant c. landscaping her lawn d. paying taxes e. attending school
The reason why cleanup costs are lower for a taxes approach than for a direct controls approach is that
a. all firms reduce pollution equally and fairly. b. firms that are able to clean up at lowest cost do so; others don't. c. large polluters clean up the most, which is always lowest cost. d. small polluters clean up the most, which is generally the cheapest.