A reinforcer that takes on its reinforcing properties only through association with other reinforcers is called a(n) ________ reinforcer

The expectations cultures have for males and females are different from the time they ____. However, the degree of the differences ____

a. are conceived; are minimal among cultures b. are born; varies greatly among cultures c. reach puberty; is consistent among cultures d. reach adulthood; are minimal among nations

At the end of the eighth week the embryo is only one inch long and weighs just one gram. According to the text, what can the embryo now do?

a. Step in place b. Suck its thumb c. Vocalize d. Respond to touch