The cocktail party effect refers to __________

To psychologists, motivation refers to ________

a. a state of tension resulting from the deprivation of physical needs, such as those for food and water. b. a process in which an individual sets goals in order to increase his or her competence and skills. c. an inferred process within a person or animal that causes that organism to move toward a goal or away from an unpleasant situation. d. movement through a hierarchy of needs, beginning with survival needs for sleep, food, and water and reaching needs for self-actualization.

In the “Shape Up Somerville” study of first- to third-graders, interventions to lower obesity included

a. increasing consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages. b. creating more walkable routes to school. c. health-related education for children but not parents. d. financial rewards.