When we experience an unpleasant state of tension between two or more conflicting thoughts, we are experiencing
A) a self-fulfilling prophecy.
B) obedience.
C) the fundamental attribution error.
D) cognitive dissonance.
Answer: D
Rationale: Cognitive dissonance occurs when an individual has two thoughts (cognitions) that are inconsistent with each other (dissonance) and, as a result, experiences motivation to reduce the discrepancy.
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Arthur Patterson (1974) studied the hostility levels of high school football players both one week before and one week after the football season. If engaging in socially acceptable aggressive behaviour like football reduces hostility, then the players' level of hostility should have
A) increased on the football field, but decreased in classes. B) been dependent on personality variables. C) increased over the duration of the playing season. D) remained the same over the duration of the playing season. E) decreased over the duration of the playing season.
How long is a typical adult sleep cycle?
a) 3 - 4 hours b) 7 - 8 hours c) 40 - 60 minutes d) 90 - 120 minutes