What is the term for the capacity to understand the world, think with rationality, and use resources effectively when faced with challenges?

In terms of memory for written material, having the title of a passage, essay, or book

a. can aid encoding if it is available before processing the material. b. usually interferes with encoding. c. can aid encoding if it is available soon after processing the material. d. assures that the encoding will be automatic. e. is a form of maintenance rehearsal.

Jada has an upcoming anthropology exam She has spaced out her studying over the course of six days and feels she knows the material well. Two days ago, she was confident with her knowledge, but decided to study beyond the point of being able to discuss it without error. She spent the last two days studying the material even further. She now feels ready to take her exam. Which technique best explains Jada's last two days of studying?

a) massed practice b) repeated testing c) elaborative rehearsal d) overlearning