A mandatory tax that both workers and employers in the United States pay to fund Social Security and Medicare is the

Which of the following persons is NOT considered a part of the labor force?

A) Mary, who has a part-time job as a day care specialist B) Lones, an unemployed mechanic looking for a new job C) Jameson, an accountant who has been temporarily laid off during the holiday season D) Desire, a wealthy hedge fund manager who just took early retirement E) Lucy, who works 20 hours a week in her father's restaurant for no pay

The effect on total market demand from the advertising of a specific brand will

A) always be positive. B) always be negative. C) often be positive. D) often be negative.