A newborn child is diagnosed with a vertebral arch defect, spina bifida. This condition would lead the nurse to suspect the child may have which of the following as well? (select all that ap-ply)
a. Type II Chiari malformation
b. Myelomeningocele
c. Meningocele
d. Acrania
e. Craniosynostosis
ANS: B, C
When meningocele and myelomeningocele occur, they are related to an accompanying vertebral defect that allows the protrusion of the neural tube contents. Type II Chiari malformation is a complex malformation of the brainstem and cerebellum in which the cerebellar tonsils are dis-placed downward into the cervical spinal canal. This does not occur through a spina bifida. In acrania, the cranial vault is almost completely absent; an extensive defect of the vertebral column is often present. Craniosynostosis is the premature closure of one or more of the cranial sutures.
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