The field of behavioral genetics studies psychological disorders such as depression, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and schizophrenia

In a study on a group of adolescents diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes, researchers collected information regarding those patients' perception of benefits of their illnesses. They found that

a. adolescents who found the most benefits were more able to cope with stressful events and keep up with their treatments. b. adolescents who found the least benefits were more able to cope with stressful events and keep up with their treatments. c. there were essentially no "benefits" that adolescents were able to find with being diagnosed with diabetes. d. the ability to find benefits with one's diagnosis had no measurable impact on the adolescents' ability to cope with stressful events and to keep up with their treatments.

In classical conditioning, behavior typically is , whereas with operant conditioning, behavior is

a. rewarded; punished b. biological; internal c. voluntary; involuntary d. involuntary; voluntary