What doctrine came out of the original Tarasoff v. Regents of the University of California et al. case?

Which of the following statements about vision in newborn babies is true?

A) Newborns are attracted to muted colors, such as gray, rather than colored stimuli. B) Newborns' eye movements are slow and inaccurate. C) Newborns tend to look at entire shapes rather than a single feature of an object. D) Newborns see more clearly at far distances than up close.

McGuire and Papageorgis (1961) conducted a study of the inoculation defense and found that the participants who were least influenced by a strong attack on their initial attitudes were those who

a. had received initial support for their position b. had their position attacked weakly and refuted it c. had been rewarded for creating supportive arguments d. were distracted before having their position attacked