Which of the following is not a message conveyed by material symbols?
A) organizational hierarchy
B) top management's egalitarianism
C) the marketing strategy of the organization
D) appropriate risk-taking behavior
E) appropriate authoritarian behavior
C
Explanation: C) Material symbols such as the size of offices, the elegance of furnishings, executive perks, and attire, convey to employees who is important, the degree of egalitarianism top management desires, and the kinds of behavior that are appropriate, such as risk taking, conservative, authoritarian, participative, individualistic, or social. Marketing strategy of the organization is not conveyed by material symbols.
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