Five-year-old Serena ate a cupcake that she knew she was not supposed to have until after dinner. To avoid punishment, Serena told her mother that the dog ate the cupcake. Serena's attempt to alter her mother's belief demonstrates

Rational-emotive therapyshares all of the following characteristics with client-centered

therapy EXCEPT a. engendering full self-acceptance. b. being confrontational and directive. c. seeing failures as unfortunate events, not as disasters. d. no longer measuring oneself against impossible standards. e. considering self-blame as the core of emotional disturbance.

By themselves, phonemes are ________

a. syntactical b. units of prototypes c. units of meaning d. meaningless