Of the "4 Ds" of determining whether something is a mental disorder, ________ behavior leads to real discomfort or anguish, either in the person directly or in others, especially family members.

What major conclusion about personality traits emerged from the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart?

a) Identical twins are more similar than any other type of sibling. b) Siblings reared apart were much more similar than identical twins. c) Fraternal twins reared together were much more similar than identical twins. d) Personality scores for twins were not related in either case.

Which of the following best reflects gender differences in verbal ability?

a. Only 10 percent of the published studies on gender differences found that females had greater verbal ability. b. Girls tend to be better readers than boys, but boys are better with fine motor skills. c. Boys have more language-related problems than girls. d. The quality of speech production is lower in girls than in boys.