Jermaine thinks that the only person who can be called "sister" is his sister Michelle. He does not understand that other people have sisters as well and they too are called sisters. What error is Jermaine making?

In terms of dissonance theory, what is the primary reason that "we" (our side) often dehumanize "them," the enemy, seeing them as animals, brutes, or monsters?

a. The enemy is violent and cruel and deserves whatever we do to them. b. The enemy started the war. c. Our side has treated the enemy brutally and needs to justify these actions. d. Our side is more moral and humane than their side.

Nunes and Kramer (2009) investigated whether age-related declines in certain aspects of performance (e.g., speed, multi-tasking) are offset by experience. What did they find?

a) There was no experience-related sparing of abilities; younger participants outperformed older participants across the board. b) There was complete experience-related sparing of abilities; the experience of older participants mitigated any basic disadvantages in processing. c) There was experience-related sparing of abilities, but only for executive control tasks like task switching. d) There was experience-related sparing of abilities, but only for simple tasks like conflict detection.