________ reflect the tendency of people to act in ways that are consistent with their expectations, beliefs, or cognitions about an event or behavior, thereby increasing the likelihood that the event or behavior will occur

One of the best ways to handle personal criticism is to take it as

a. a matter which requires immediate action b. the reflection of another person's envy c. a matter that requires you to defend yourself d. a cue that action may be required

In an eye movement study, Rayner and coworkers had participants read sentences that contained either a high- or low- frequency target word. For example, the sentence "Sam wore the horrid coat though his girlfriend complained," contained either the target word "pretty" or "demure." Results showed the participants' was shorter for the target word

a. lexical distinction; pretty b. lexical distinction; demure c. fixation; pretty d. fixation; demure