When Thorndike studied cats escaping from puzzle boxes, what result would have suggested to him that the cats gained an understanding of how to open the box?
a. If the cats' speed of escaping had increased more gradually than it did
b. If the cats' speed of escaping had increased suddenly at some point
c. If the cats had been able to learn without reinforcement
d. If the cats had shown a facial expression whenever they escaped
b
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Researchers have identified a number of characteristics in individuals who have a long lifespan. Which individual may be on the way to a longer than average life expectancy?
a) Rob, who has a job in the construction industry b) Alice, who has a strong alarm reaction to stressors c) Ray, who is involved in a number of community and family activities d) Agnes, who has consumed a diet low in sugar and high in carbohydrates
A student interested in the effects of crying on health asks a psychologist for her perspective. What is she likely to say about crying?
a) Research indicates that crying is associated with elevated levels of health. b) The production of tears seems to have a cleansing effect and increases immune system functioning. c) Although crying might not make you healthier, holding back emotions can increase sympathetic arousal. d) Crying is an outdated emotional response that is soon to drop from humankind's repertoire of responses in our modern era.