Which of the following holds a proportional primary?

Participants in a memory experiment are asked to learn a list of high-imagery words and then to learn a list of low-imagery words. Using the same participants in each condition could cause it to be confounded by

a. the use of different words types. b. carryover and/or order effects. c. demand characteristic. d. experimenter bias.

Which of the following courts is required by the Constitution?

A) the Supreme Court only B) the Supreme Court and appellate courts C) the Supreme Court, plus appellate and district courts D) both constitutional and legislative courts E) legislative courts