Russia’s federal system is

What was the status of affirmative action in college admissions after the Supreme Court decisions in Bakke v. University of California Board of Regents (1978) and Grutter v. Bollinger (2003)?

a. Affirmative action policies are generally permissible, as the advancement of diversity is a compelling government interest. b. Affirmative action policies are assumed to be unconstitutional unless the university can demonstrate the need to promote racial tolerance. c. Affirmative action policies must ensure that all racial and ethnic groups are represented in accordance with the population of the nation as a whole. d. All forms of affirmative action are unconstitutional because they unfairly favor some people over others based on the color of their skin.

What is the federal government’s primary role in education policy?

  a. maintaining federal schools and universities   b. jointly running K–12 school systems with state governments  c. providing grants and aid to states, localities, and college students  d. The federal government plays no major role in education because it is a state and local function.