"Winters are cold in Wisconsin" is a claim of fact

When you consider certain kinds of information in order to make sure your message will fit your audience's frame of reference, you are performing which of the following?

A) an audience manipulation B) an audience persuasion C) an audience questionnaire D) an audience analysis

If Natalie begins a statement by saying “I know this might not make you happy, but . . .”, she is engaging in which kind of preventative facework strategy?

A. hedging B. appeal for suspended judgment C. cognitive disclaimer D. sin license