Preoperational stage development consists of identifiable substages, including

Concerning gender differences in olfaction, it is apparent that

a) men have a better sense of smell than women. b) women have better memory for smell than men. c) men and women have structurally different olfactory systems. d) though they are better at certain smells, men and women have overall equal olfactory abilities.

According to Posner and Snyder, the three characteristics of automatic processing are:

A) that it occurs without intention, concealed from consciousness, and without consuming conscious resources B) automatic, redundant, and occurs without the conscious effort of the person C) fast, accurate and easy to process D) subliminal, unconscious, and cerebral E) brought about by the bottleneck, occurs in complex motor reactions, and is related to human survival