In the above figure, what is autonomous consumption?

Some economists argue that the productivity slowdown from mid-1970s to mid-1990s actually didn't happen, but just "appeared" to happen because

A) exports were becoming a less important part of the economy, and it was hard to measure decreases in output from exports. B) of the high inflation levels of the 1970s. C) new environmental laws had passed and forced firms to spend to reduce pollution, and this spending did not raise output. D) increased spending on health and safety raised worker productivity.

Under U.S. commercial policy, the escape clause results in

A) temporary quotas granted to firms injured by import competition. B) tariffs that offset export subsidies granted to foreign producers. C) a refusal of the U.S. to extradite anyone who escaped political oppression. D) tax advantages extended to minority-owned exporting firms. E) tariff advantages extended to certain Caribbean countries in the U.S. market.