How is play defined? Describe the six levels of play conceptualized by Parten

What will be an ideal response?

Definition of play:
--Play is a pleasurable activity that is engaged in on a voluntary basis, is intrinsically motivated, and contains some non-literal element.
Six levels of play:
--unoccupied behavior is when the child is not playing or watching anyone in particular
--onlooking is when the child spends most of the time watching other children play
--solitary play is the child playing alone without making any apparent connection between his or her own play and that of others
--parallel play is when the child plays alone, but with toys like those used by the children around him or her; child plays beside, not with others
--associative play is when children play among other children, but their play is not coordinated
--cooperative play is when children are creating a common product, competing towards a goal, acting out adult situations or playing a formal game

Psychology

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According to Piaget, what is problem solving in which several schemes are combined and

coordinated to reach a single goal? a. Target-directed behavior b. Means-end behavior c. Center-directed behavior d. Focused behavior

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Which of the following structures does not contain any parts of the reticular formation?

a. the midbrain b. the diencephalon c. the medulla d. the pons

Psychology